Describe the main features of the Indian Constitution.

The Indian Constitution, adopted on 26th January 1950, is known for its unique and salient features. Here are its main characteristics:

• Lengthy Constitution: It is one of the lengthiest written constitutions in the world, comprising a preamble and 448 articles.
• Federalism with Unitary Features: The Constitution establishes a federal system with a division of powers between the central government and the states, but with certain unitary features allowing the central government to intervene in state affairs under specific circumstances.
• Parliamentary form of Government: India follows a parliamentary system, where the President is the constitutional head, and the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers hold executive power.
• Secularism: The Constitution ensures equal treatment of all religions and the separation of religion and state.
• Fundamental Rights: It guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech, and protection against discrimination.
• Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution includes Directive Principles of State Policy to guide the government in implementing socio-economic reforms and achieving a welfare state.
• Independent Judiciary: An independent judiciary, with the Supreme Court as the guardian of the Constitution, is provided to safeguard citizens' rights and enforce justice.
• Amendability: The Constitution can be amended with a special majority, ensuring a balance between rigidity and flexibility.

These distinctive features have shaped India's constitutional framework and contributed to its stability and democratic functioning.